Skousen argues that manuscript spellings, corrections, and dictation patterns support a process in which Smith received specific words and read them to scribes. His tight-control model allows human copying errors; it does not require that every scribe’s spelling or punctuation was revealed.
- Royal Skousen, “How Joseph Smith Translated the Book of Mormon,” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 7, no. 1 (1998): 22–31.
Joseph Smith apparently received the translation word for word and letter for letter, in what is known as “tight control.”